What do we learn about the society of Messina in the play ‘Much Ado About Nothing’?

We define society as somewhere where we live, our surroundings, something in which we live, or as the oxford dictionary would say A group of humans broadly distinguished from other groups by mutual interests, participation in characteristic relationships, shared institutions, and a common culture. There are many things that play a part in our society, such as education and leisure pursuits, and this is no different to the Elizabethan times and Messina. Messina is the town in which the play ‘Much Ado About Nothing' is set. There are many different points in the play that tell us of the many different parts of society in Messina and what the town is like as a whole. However it strikes me as rather odd as to why Shakespeare set this play in a town many people at the time would not have known about. He could have just as easily set it in the hustle and bustle of London, but instead chose Messina. For one Shakespeare chose Messina because of the ease he could use ‘noting'. He could include it in his play and the audience would know it suited Messina, this is because like London, Messina is a very busy town, and in towns like that news spreads fast, another reason is that because many in Messina are not as well off as others, people will want to know things that they can use against others, a way of getting money, and a very quick way. Other reason why Shakespeare has chosen Messina is that some because they suit the play better, and some because they suit him better. Firstly, Messina is a very hurly burly seaport town, which was in turn a lot like London, however Shakespeare would have also chose it because he could have created humour easier. He could mock the public figures, and the royalty, and even mock the Spanish for losing to England (Messina was part of the Spanish empire, and not too long before had the English defeated the Spanish – the Spanish Armada) without fear of anything, whereas if he would have done this in England he could have been put up for treason. Despite him setting the play in Messina, which is a fairly unknown place to most of the audience, he still gets the audience to associate with certain characters in the play. The most noticeable character in the play, and the one most Elizabethans could have associated with would have been the two watches, Dogberry and Verges. This would have been because watches like these two would have also been around in London, but not quite so idiotic. All of these reasons are very important in the play and the image of the society of Messina we receive from the play. Noting is all the way through the play however it is in some cases purposely done, the most obvious is when Don Pedro, Leonato and Caudio are playing a trick on Benedick into thinking that Beatrice loves him â€Å"O ay, stalk on, stalk on, the fowl site – I never think that lady would have loved any man† Act 2 Scene 5 Line 89-90 (The conversion continues from line 86to line 206) Employment is a major contributing factor to any town's society. In Messina I get the feeling most are employed on the port, something in which the town was famous for. I have also picked up the idea that most in the town are working class, however the main characters in the play tend to be higher class. Leonato is the governor of Messina, however he is the not the highest ranked person in the play. Leonato is a wealthy man, with one daughter, Hero. I get the idea he is the wealthiest person in Messina, with Antonio close behind. However, when Don Pedro, Don John and Claudio enter they give us a different insight into employment in Messina. I feel that no one in Messina is actually involved in war, as these three are congratulated when they arrive home. Thus showing that it was rare to have people in Messina fighting in Battle. Don Pedro is royalty, and is also a very wealthy man. He has received all his money from inheritance and has only ever worked with the army, fighting in battles. Dogberry is a typical working class man, and I ame shown this as he is in the job of watch at Leonato's castle. A very poorly paid, boring job that anyone can easily qualify for. As we know many Messinians do not appear to be tied down with work, and have a very active social life. They often like to dance and sing, which is a very often occurrence in the Elizabethan days. I find out about a masked ball that many of the town members go to, and it appears that they are all happily enjoying the event. This seems like it is a regular occurrence in the town that everyone happily enjoys. It is also an excellent place for ‘noting' to go on. It is also a very important part in the play as this is where most noting can go on, but the twit is that no one knows who each other is, it creates the theme of illusion and deception as we find out when Beatrice is talking to a ‘masked chum' but we all know the it is really Benedick. Why, he is the Prince's Jester, a very dull fool; onlhis gift is devising impossible slanders. None but libertines delight in him, and the commendation is not in his wit, but in his villainy; for he both pleases men and angers them, and then they laugh at him and beat him. I am sure he is in the fleet; I would he had boarded me† Act 2 Scene 1 Line 120-126 (The conversation carries on from line 120 to 137) The behaviour of people on the town seems to be on the whole very good. However that is the first impression, we actually see how Messina is quite corrupt with many sneaky villains. Firstly though I feel that the Messinians treat outsiders very well, especially royalty, as we see from the greeting Don Pedro, Don John and Claudio receive. â€Å"Never came trouble to my house in the likeness of your grace. For trouble being gone, comfornt should remain, but when you depart from me, sorrow abides and happiness takes his leave† Act 1 Scene 1 Line 86-89 Leonato pays the royalty much respect and shows them utmost formality. The Messinians make everything go up in standard, and this shows signs of them going out of their way to the arrival of the royalty. Also the introduction to everyone in Act 1 Scene 1 is very long, it goes on from lines 83 to 141 until everyone is introduced to each other. However there is a much more corrupt side to the town of Messina, as we find out later in the play, anyone will be two faced and betray people if it involves a little money. The evil on comes into the play when Don John arrives as he is the main villain in the play, and we find out how he is the brains behind most of the plots, but never wishes to get his hands dirty. â€Å"Therefore I have earned of Don John a thousand ducats† Act 3 Scene 3 Line 105-6 This shows us how Don John is happy to give money away as it gets the evil deed done but also leaves him out of the equation when someone is receiving the blame. Men and women both play major roles in this play, however are treated very differently. Men are obviously the superior gender in this play, which is very normal for the time this play was performed. The man they are either married to or a father and they literally own the women. When the wedding day comes along they father of the daughter will pass her to the husband to now ‘look after'. â€Å"Give me this maid your daughter? Act 4 Scene 1 Line 23 â€Å"As freely son as God did give her me† Act 4 Scene 1 Line 24 Claudio speaks of Hero as if Leonato owns her, and then Leonato is confirming that the ownership of Hero is changing from himself to Claudio. They also seem to have other attitude towards love and marriage. They seem to abide by arranged marriages, however some obviously don't. Most of the younger chara cters in the play are single, however are chasing love but just cannot find it. If they are married they have to be very similar, as in from the same background, with the same upbringing. They also deem it very important for a woman to be unchased before her wedding day, as this is the best thing a father can offer. I can tell this as when Leonato finds out hero is ‘unchased' then the bursts into a fit of rage â€Å"Wherefore? Why, doth not every earthly thing, Cry shame upon her? Could she here deny, Do not live Hero, do not open thine eyes† Act 4 Scene 1 Line 118 – 120) (This enragement carries on from line 118 to 141) The social status also gives us an excellent insight to the society of Messina. Someone like Benedick or Don Pedro, both very clever, typically shows us someone from the upper class. They both have a good education, very well spoken and also very witty. â€Å"Then is courtesy a turncoat. But it is certain I am loved of all ladies, only you excepted, and I would I could not find in my heart that I had a hard heart, for truly I love none. † Act 1 Scene 1 Lines 109-112 This shows how witty and quick-fired Benedick is when speaking with Beatrice from lines 109 to 130 in Act 1 Scene 1 of the play. However the lower and working class is a completely different story. The character from which we receive most information about the working class is Dogberry, for one his name is very well chosen as Dogberry meant Dog Rose, this is a very common rose, and is purposely chosen to suit his class in the play. However we also learn about his class through his lines in the play. â€Å"Your are thought here to be the most senseless and fit man for the constable of watch†¦ † Act 3 Scene 3 Line 21-23 We can see form his spoken language he is also very common, he tries to be witty in the play, but is always making mistakes, by saying the wrong word, like in this extract where he says â€Å"senseless† instead of sensible. This is a very effective way of creating humour but also an effective way in showing us to the social background of this character. â€Å"She's but the sign of semblance of her honour Behold how like a maid she blushes here! † Act 4 Scene 1 Lines 31-32 This is the part in which we find out Hero is not a Virgin. Claudio describes the blushes of guilt and nothing to do with her modesty. However Leonato does not follow, and misunderstands what Claudio has said to him. â€Å"Dear my lord, if you not in your own proof Have vanquished the resistance of her youth, And made defeat of her virginity-† Act 4 Scene 1 Lines 44-46 He only thinks Claudio is confessing that they have had sex, and not Hero with another man. Upon this misunderstanding Claudio has to explain himself once more, and then Leonato realises what he is saying. Instead of jumping to the rescue of his daughter, he chooses to disown her, by slapping her and yelling at her on her wedding day. Proving to the audience how chastity of your daughter was a very important thing in Messina. To conclude, I feel we learn a lot about the society of Messina in this play. However Shakespeare does not put it straight in front of you, he hides it behind his writing, and the characters lines. We learn of all the different social statuses in Messina and also the superiority of the male gender. I feel the most striking thing about Messina though, is how corrupt it is. You get the impression that it is a very friendly, peaceful town, however as we delve further into the play we find out the truth. The audience watching this would have been able to recognise many people and parts in this play, because it is so much like Elizabethan England at the time this was performed. Many families suffered from the divide on employment and social status, and many families also saw the chastity of their daughter the most important thing a father could offer, however the thing they would most be able to associate with would have been Dogberry and Verges. The watches would have been a very strong figure in England, and would be instantly recognisable from the moment they stepped on stage and one that would be guaranteed to raise a lot of laughs in the crowd.

Oedipus Rex – Entrapment of Mankind Through Reasoning

For example, when Alias and Oedipus Rexes were reveled with their prophecies, they tried to divert themselves away from it. As a result, they reverted themselves into the prophecy, therefore fulfilling it. Although man tries to control their own fate, in reality, such control is impossible and cannot be possessed. Through the use of Oedipus' life decisions, diction, and connotation of words to display the idea that man's most powerful attribute fails mankind. In other words, through Oedipus Rexes, Sophocles shows that reasoning cannot give mankind the power and control they sire. Therefore, such control and power for mankind does not exist.Oedipus Rexes proves that man's most powerful attribute Is reasoning. Sophocles gives his readers the idea that mankind is trapped through their most powerful attribute. Oedipus Rexes believed that he could escape the reality of his prophecy through his attempts to reason throughout it. However, his aim to avoid the prophecy using reason failed him . As the prophecy was revealed to Oedipus, he believed he could avoid it by leaving Corinth and the family whom he believed was his own blood. However, this thought of his is what failed him and lead to Oedipus actually fulfilling the prophecy.This decision leads mankind to believe that they can control their life through reasoning. As Oedipus moves onto Thebes, he crosses through the road where three roads meet. At this exact road, he meets Alias, his father, whom he does not know. Alias and Oedipus begin a feud start brawling with one another. Thus, completed. Although Oedipus continues onto Thebes and solves the sphinx's riddle, his success leads him into the second part of his prophecy being fulfilled as he meets Coast, marries her, bears children with her, and birth children of incest.In spite of the fact that Oedipus' best characteristic is his constant attempt to reason, it's his exact reasoning and questioning that lead him to the â€Å"truth† of the prophecy. Despite Oedipus' failed attempts to control the prophecy, Alias is also another culprit of failed attempts to reason. Alias, King of Thebes, birth a child with Coast and believed that he could become the next ruler of Thebes. However, a prophecy was told to Alias that his own son would soon murder him and take over. At this very moment, he decides It's best to bind Oedipus' feet and send him away to die.He does not realize, however, that this decision leads him Into the entrapment of his own life. He fulfills the actual prophecy when he tries to take Oedipus out of his life. This Is another failed attempt of reason. Therefore, man's most powerful attribute of proves that reasoning brings mankind doom. As Alias did not want his baby to kill him, he sends the baby away. The Old man sees the baby and picks it up because no mortal being would see a baby hurt and abandoned without having to pick it up. He gives the baby to his King of Thebes because he knows they cannot bare a child, feeling pi ty for them all.Oedipus himself hears about the prophecy and runs away from it. All these people, all these steps were made from attempts to reason and control the world, when in reality, it ultimately failed. Mankind cannot use their so- called â€Å"most powerful attribute of reasoning† to control their lives. If reasoning brings doom to mankind, what is the purpose of reasoning itself? Sophocles answers this question by proving through Oedipus Rexes that reasoning traps mankind, making mankind limited. The Chorus, whom supports Oedipus the most out of all characters of the play, reveal their thoughts and true emotion towards the doom of Oedipus.Through their character, Sophocles conveys the pity one may feel towards Oedipus whom was a great man dealt with UN inevitable doom. In a passage by the Chorus on pig. 18, they stated, â€Å"A prince of men/ Whose loot what citizen/ Did not with Emmy see,] How Deep the billows of calamity/Above him roll/Watch therefore and regard t hat supreme day;/And of no mortal say/That man is happy,† datelined by no grievous ill/He pass Life's goal In this passage, the Chorus shows how great of a man Oedipus was, nonetheless, how great of a King he was.He was not only great because of his role as King, he was great because he reasons. However, this characteristic of constant reasoning, to pursue and search for the truth leads to the fulfillment of the prophecy. When the Chorus says, â€Å"billows of calamity', they talk about the mass destruction Oedipus was placed in. On that day, he was realized he entrapped himself into the prophecy. Therefore, Oedipus acts as a representation of mankind, conveying the idea that seasoning dooms us all and traps mankind. Mankind is under the illusion that control exists and reason works.Through the first half of the stanza, the Chorus exemplifies their support for Oedipus. He was a Prince out of all the men, who gained respect and order from his people. After Oedipus discovered h is tragic state in the prophecy, such a situation could not be explained. It was disastrous, catastrophic, devastating, but all these words do not show how grievous this day was for Oedipus. He believed he escaped the prophecy and lead to be a King, a King of whom many honored. He set out to believe that he must save his city from disaster, from the plague, when he was the plague himself.The Chorus tells the readers to watch the day Oedipus fell into the prophecy and learn that no human being is lucky. No man has a goal, for their most powerful attribute fails them ultimately. Therefore, no man is lucky until they are dead. Sophocles shows through Oedipus Rexes that reasoning cannot give mankind the power and control that they desire. Through the understanding of the way Alias and Oedipus both failed at their attempts to reason and the Journey Oedipus invests myself into throughout the play, readers are able to see how Oedipus portrays a representation of mankind.Through his represe ntation, one may find that although doom upon him. This leads to the idea that reasoning fails mankind and the purpose of reasoning is invalid. Sophocles uses Oedipus life decisions, diction, and connotation of words to display the idea that man's most powerful attribute fails mankind. Although man tries to control their own fate, in reality, such control is impossible and cannot be be possessed.

Green Washing Labels in Hotels Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Green Washing Labels in Hotels - Research Paper Example With the disguise behind greenwashing on the rise, it remains difficult to tell which hotels are sincerely green. This is why governments have established bodies to play the role of designing certification programs to determine the green-worthiness of companies. Therefore, potential clients should not give in to empty green jargons but seek to see the accreditation offered to the hotel or company concerned. Beyond accreditation, knowledgeable customers can still reach judgments by making personal observations on the general operations of a hotel. Despite the greedy benefits achieved off greenwashing, a few hotels have been exemplary in their commitment to eco-friendliness. Behind it all, such eco-committed hotels are the ones that hold the upper hand in earning customer loyalty. Green Washing or green sheen is a green marketing or green PR strategy used deceptively to promote products, policies, or aims of the organization as environmentally-friendly (Pierre, 2012). Proofs of greenwashing in an organization or a company are in spending. Organizations and companies that use greenwashing use more time and money advertising their concern for the environment than time spent on environmentally sound practices (Tresidder & Hirst, 2012). There are different efforts aimed at greenwashing. A company or an organization can change the label; a name of a product to suggest natural environment on a product that is environmentally harmful (Middleton & Clarke, 2001). A product may have toxic chemical but as a company or an organization use multimillion-dollar advertising to give it an environmentally-friendly image (Mulvaney, 2011). This paper tries to argue that greenwashing is a tool used by hotels to attract more customers. It discusses the history of the green washing concept and gives the origin of the term greenwashing.  Ã‚  

Professionalization of modern sport For Profit or Glory Essay - 1

Professionalization of modern sport For Profit or Glory - Essay Example The twenty-first century has been characterised by numerous transformations that have seen football and in particular the English Premier League being commercialised and turned into a multi-billion business investment from which the owners and investors are reaping billions of pounds in revenues (Roster and Shropshire, 2011). For this reason, the last decade saw the three top-flight league clubs Chelsea, Manchester United, and Manchester City being auctioned and sold out to investors – a move that significantly changed the operations and impacted the management of the clubs. However, some opponents argue that the multi-billion takeovers were healthy for the clubs since the investors have vast amounts of disposable incomes to hire and attract world class players from across the globe as well as be able to maintain their huge wages. Although, this has not been the situation because many of these clubs, currently face various challenges that have become threats to their future competitiveness (Ferguson, 2013). The Manchester United faces a number of governance issues that have their roots in the 2005 take over and the recent challenges of corporate governance practices. The moment the Glazers announced their planned takeover of Manchester United, the news elicited mixed reactions from the loyal and die-hard supporters of the club. A significant number of them were opposed to the move since they wanted Manchester United to remain a community club with no designated owner because they feared a single investor would take over ownership and impose his will on the management of the organisation, which would be against their wish. For this reason, the supporters organised peaceful demonstrations that were coupled with a number of petitions to the ministry of culture to bare and nullify the deal from being procured. Unfortunately, the contract was sealed, and the Glazers obtained a seventy percent stake in

Human Resource Management Case Assignment Essay

Human Resource Management Case Assignment - Essay Example This is based on the fact that the organization is acknowledging their superior contributions or services. The rewards are aimed at motivating them towards sustaining or even improving their superior performances. ii. Employees with average performances get substantially smaller rewards or bonuses. This is aimed at encouraging them to improve their efforts by working harder so as to achieve greater rewards in the succeeding periods. iii. Employees with poor performances do not receive any increase in pay or bonus. This is to indicate that they need to improve their performance or seek alternative positions by leaving the organizations. Pay for performance strategy has been noted as one of the best motivating strategies for organizations that seek to enhance their overall performance. However, experts warn that organizations should support such a strategy using other alternative options because money is not the ultimate motivating factor. For instance, organizations are advised to als o include promotions, improvements in working environments or even involve employees in making decisions in addition to the pay for performance system (Chen & Hsieh, 2006). This will ensure that an organization addresses all the factors that motivate employees. Alternative Payment Approaches to Pay for Performance Lockstep pay The most common payment approach among legal firms is the lockstep pay. The payment approach involves an organization using the length of time on the job when determining the ultimate level of compensation for its employees. As noted earlier on, the payment system is common among law firms where lawyers are paid based on the amount of billable hours spent serving clients. Research studies indicate that lawyers earn their income as if they were independent contractors. What this means is that their level of payment varies depending on the amount of revenue generated from the clients that they have served at person levels. However, the lock step payment system i nvolves attorneys with the same level of seniority receive the same level of income. The level of income is entirely determined by the overall performance of the organization. There are exceptions to the system whereby the organization may make adjustments as an exception rather than a rule. Total Reward Compensation The total rewards system of compensation involves more than just the basic pay and benefits. It involves the entire remuneration system that consists of all the direct and indirect payment packages (Reynolds, 2005). The system incorporates pay with all the necessary factors that motivate and are valued by employees. The system also offers numerous approaches to reward other than pay and benefits. It does not rely on a single method of rewarding employees. The system closely resembles the pay for performance system in the sense that the total reward system is based on the level of competency and performance of staff. Reward is solely based on merit rather than experience or job position (Berger & Berger, 2008). The higher the performance the higher the reward and low performance is highly condemned. However, total reward is different from pay for performance because it incorporates all the elements of employee motivation rather than monetary rewards. In fact, research studies on employee motivation indicate that the system motivates and influences the behavior of workers to a larger extent than the pay for perfo

U.S. History ip 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

U.S. History ip 3 - Essay Example It unfolded what could be known as the 2nd industrial revolution. This paper shall describe the negative, and the positive developments brought about by industrialization in the United States. It shall analyze whether industrialization in the U.S. sounded beneficial or detrimental on the lives of Americans. The two positive developments in the United States as a result of industrialization included; knowledgeable people and machines, and harnessed the communication and transport systems. The communication and transportation challenged the United States before industrialization. Industrialization stretched the communication and transport systems in the United States. The resourceful state provided approximately three quarters of its finances for construction of canals, and other related waterways improvements. American embraced the technology of building rail roads. By 1860s, more than half of the globe’s railroad tracks were established in the United States. The critical improvement in the 19th century included the telegraph invention by Morse Samuel. The telegraph strapped up the communication system. It allowed sending of messages instantly by use of electronic pulses codes over a wire. The communication and transport developments created a national market. The leading comme rcial power such as merchants could invest in novel enterprises. Acquisition of raw materials could be enabled due to the revolutionized communication and transport. The navy could use the waterways to protect the American trade. International trade could be enabled. The raw materials could be converted easily into finished goods for exportation. The America’s economy became affluent due to the communication and transport systems. The further developments of industrialization in the U.S. included knowledgeable people and machines. The growing united state became strapping. Its prospects attracted ambitious and knowledgeable individuals. These

Consumer behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Consumer behavior - Essay Example This implies that for a positive feedback from the consumer, a lot of emphasis has to be made in ensuring that all these factors put into consideration (Arnold, James, and Scherbet Oliver 1999 p.30 par.4). 3. Consumer behavior is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT thoughts. These factors are characterized by consumers’ dynamism, interactions, exchanges, and predictability. Consumer behavior must be constantly monitored by the marketer because it is usually dynamic and therefore it changes constantly resulting to short product life cycles (Arnold, James, and Scherbet 1999 p.35 par.1). 4. The marketer must constantly monitor consumer behavior because the consumer is: creating new strategies for the products. To keep in touch with this trend, innovation and value addition are of paramount importance in order for the companies to remain profitable and retain their market share. This is achieved by creating new products, newer versions of existing products, new brands and creating opportunities for increased cross holding (Wilcox, Rhoda V 2001 p.34 par.3). 5. To keep in step with shorter product life cycles, many companies are innovating constantly and creating superior value for customers and staying profitable by all of the following ways, EXCEPT constantly changing. Innovation and value addition are of paramount importance in order for the companies to remain profitable and retain their market share. This is achieved by creating new products, newer versions of existing products, new brands and creating opportunities for increased cross holding. (Wilcox, Rhoda V 2001 p.41 par.2). 6. The relationship between the elements involved in consumer behavior is BEST described as: interactive. This is due to the fact that consumer behavior is mainly interactive and profit maximization which is the primary role of marketing must be cognizant of this fact (Arnold, James, and Scherbet 1999 p. 45

European Security and Defence Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

European Security and Defence Policy - Essay Example Most decisions in the council are made by the majority votes while unanimity is needed in the sensitive issues like foreign policy (Churruca; 178; 2000). In order to assume full responsibility in crisis management the European council established permanent political and military structures (Nice December 2000).The first structure is the political and security committee (PSC) which acts as the preparatory body for the European Union council. The main role of the political and security committee is to check and follow the international state of affairs thereby helping in defining policies in the Common Foreign and Security policy. It prepares a rational EU reaction to a crisis and works out the political control and strategic bearing or direction to be under taken by the European Union (Hill; 2002). The second structure is the European Union Military Committee (EUMC), which is the highest military organ in the council. The body is made up of the chiefs of defence of states that form the European Union.

Targets of Anti-metastatic Drug Development Essay

Targets of Anti-metastatic Drug Development - Essay Example Therefore, in this literature review, the paper describes some of the candidate targets for the anti-metastatic drugs development and the progress that has been made, so far, in developing effective drugs. It is clear that driving oncogenic mutations are necessary for metastasis. A number of the oncogenic mutations so far identified affect cell fate regulation, genomic maintenance and cell survival (Glinsky and Raz, 2010, p. 1788). . These initiating and resultant progression events may also turn out indispensable for metastases establishment at a secondary site. Patient analysis has shown that agents targeting oncogenic mutations or amplifications, such as mutant BRAF in melanoma, amplified HER2 in breast-cancer, have demonstrated substantial effects controlling metastatic disease (Platt and Raz, 1992, P. 438),. Nonetheless, metastasis disease treatment might be sophisticated by the differential demonstration, activity or a combination of oncogenes in metastases during metastatic recurrence (McGarty and Block, 2006, p. 151). For instance, HER2 expression is high in estrogen receptor (ER)+HER2- of luminal breast cancer cells via tumour necrosis factor fantasticfamily member 11-RABKL signalling in the microenvironment of bones. The effectiveness of targeted therapies concerning metastatic environments is presently limited through the drug resistance that often happens in metastatic relapse. Resistance of this nature is always because of the coming up of de novo mutations. Furthermore, the adaptive ability of oncogenic signalling networks for overcoming monotherapy attract new drug targets as well as strategies for inhibiting feedback-regulated pathways. Therefore, constant efforts to maximize target therapies for such oncogenic drivers and to defeat drug resistance will be essential for treat ing metastatic disease. It has been found that tumour cells augment their intrinsic mobility through adopting cellular programs that

International Money and Finance (Final stage 3) Essay - 1

International Money and Finance (Final stage 3) - Essay Example This is the second consecutive downgrade in our US forecast, which came into the year at 3.1%. We are clearly less optimistic now than we were even a few months ago, but the overall view is the same as it has been for the past three years: the US recovery will be characterised by fairly weak and erratic growth and low inflation, but we do not expect a double-dip recession. We continue to expect growth between 2.5-3.5% over the coming couple of years, which is way below where it 'should' be coming out of such a bad recession. Occasionally, the US economy may post some great quarters, and may post some really poor ones. The Q111 real GDP growth estimate, of 1.8% q-o-q annualised (as per the second estimate released on May 26), could be lumped into the latter category. Deceleration Across The Board In Q1 US - Real GDP Growth By Expenditure Category (q-o-q SAAR) Source: BEA, BMI Below Trend, Par For The Deleveraging Course Growth really should be somewhere north of 4.0% just to get the o verall level of output back to trend. Without faster growth, the unemployment picture will remain bleak. With such a disappointing pace of growth recovery, the US economy is roughly tracking the trajectory of other countries that experienced a major financial crisis and a prolonged period of deleveraging. We see some similarities in this respect to Japan, Sweden in the mid-90s, South Korea post-Asia crisis, etcetera. There is a rebalancing going on in the US away from consumption and housing and toward manufacturing and exports. We reiterate that this makes it an unusual US recovery, if only because American recoveries typically consist of residential investment and consumption picking up the slack, and this time around it is going to be, and has been, net exports and business investment. Not only was Q111 data pretty poor, it also revealed a downward revision to private consumption, and a boost from inventories, making the composition of growth pretty poor as well. This was especia lly a disappointment because the payroll tax cuts announced in December were expected to give a strong boost to consumption in the first quarter, but it looks like their effect was offset in part by higher oil prices. The house price double-dip and high unemployment obviously haven't helped. Our new forecasts have lowered our expectation for private consumption in 2011, if only modestly (from 3.1% to 3.0%; we had already revised down our estimate earlier in the year). On the upside, credit growth is showing some signs of life, and the labour market is slowly healing, so we do not believe that there is sufficient reason to get too pessimistic on the consumer. If oil prices drop in H211, and this is reflected by lower prices at the pump, real private consumption could get a boost. But if oil prices head higher again, expect more bad news from the consumer. High Oil Prices Remain A Risk US - Real Retail Sales (% chg y-o-y) Source: BMI Investment: Healthier, Ex-Housing Residential const ruction remains a drag on overall growth (just under 0.1pp in Q111), and data since then have not been good either. We would expect at least some contribution from residential investment later in the year, however, if only because the homebuilding industry cannot mathematically sink too much lower. Non-residential structure investment is also very weak (subtracting 0.48pp from growth in the quarter). We see few prospects for improvement in this sector in this environment. On the upside, though, equipment and software investment contributed 0.81pp

Educational Coaches Essay Example for Free

Educational Coaches Essay Educational or instructional coaches – also called â€Å"master teachers† – in elementary and secondary education are facilitators who train other teachers to improve instructional practices and generate higher levels of student achievement (Buly et al, 2004). Specifically, they are trained to serve as support for schools and districts experiencing â€Å"market failure;† i. e. , that have large numbers of students unable to meet state and federal achievement standards (Buly et al, 2004). This document is written as an outline to provide qualitative and quantitative evidence (in economic and real terms) that justifies educational managers (elementary, middle and high school principals, superintendents and school board members) utilizing educational/instructional coaches to achieve the following goals: (1) improving aggregate output through schools’ and districts’ overall level of student achievement on state- and/or federally-mandated testing, and (2) improving micro-level behavior through resource allocation, individual classroom management, implementation of learning strategies and instruction of subject matter. The following is a summary of the main points of this document: †¢ Discussion of what educational/instructional coaches are and their estimated microeconomic impact on students’ and teachers’ performances †¢ Discussion of district and schools’ economic costs and factors including fiscal policy, funding sources, overall output and the impact of budgetary decisions such as hiring educational/instructional coaches †¢ An econometric case study: regression analysis of schools in Duval County Public Schools in Jacksonville, Florida that utilize educational/instructional coaches Definition The field of education, unlike some markets, is not perfectly competitive. Individual buyers (students) and sellers (teachers) do have the ability to significantly influence the cost and quality of education. Consequently, educators continuously strive to make the educational marketplace more efficient and productive; i. e. , they search for methods and tools that improve the process of and environment for learning and address the diverse and changing needs of teachers and students. Unfortunately, the field of education is constrained by limits, and the equitable and efficient distribution of income (state and federal funding) and other resources (teachers) remains an issue that managers (educational administrators such as superintendents, school board members and principals) must address annually. In 1989, an educational organization called the National Center on Education and the Economy (NCEE) developed America’s Choice, a school design model based on high quality instructional materials, technical support and professional development for teachers (NCEE, 2009). Educational/instructional coaches are a central component of America’s Choice (NCEE, 2009). The goal of this paper is to determine whether or not educational managers are making the most fiscally responsible decision when hiring educational/instructional coaches to meet district- and school-based needs. While educational/instructional coaches are an often-used solution in some school districts, managers have other alternatives available to provide support to teachers and students in the classroom. These options utilize different methods of resource allocation. One alternative to â€Å"classroom coaching† is making capital improvements. An example of a capital improvement is upgrading a district’s and/or school’s technological infrastructure. This would involve purchasing computers and/or networks with more memory and larger capacities for data storage and manipulation, increasing the value and useful life of a district’s or school’s technological infrastructure. This could also involve purchasing software such as web-based educational tools for both students and teachers to use. Another option is additional training for teachers through in-service workshops (training provided during the school day) or additional education courses (college and/or university level). A third alternative is realignment of the student-teacher ratio based on aggregate demand; i. e. , the total demand (number of students) for goods (teachers/classes) and services (instruction) in the educational market (classroom). A fourth alternative is awarding financial bonuses to teachers with high or greatly improved student achievement rates. Educational/Instructional Coaches: Their Economic Costs and Factors When evaluating the benefits of using educational/instructional coaches, educational managers must ask themselves, â€Å"What are the accounting and opportunity costs of this decision? † In other words, managers need to determine expenses like salary, benefits, health insurance for the educational/instructional coaches; they also must construct the benefits of other educational options. According to payscale. com, a global, online compensation database, the average salary for K-12 public school teachers in the United States is $42,000 annually for a nine-month school year (Payscale, Inc. , 2009). Educational coaches are often at the top tier for teachers’ salaries and make on average $52,000 each year (Payscale, Inc. , 2009). Thus, the opportunity cost of hiring an educational coach at a school is, on average, $52,000 annually. An educational manager have an additional $52,000 (plus the cost of insurance and benefits) within his/her budget to invest in computer hardware, software, training for existing teachers, or actually hiring a new teacher (thereby reducing the teacher/student ratio). If a school principal hired more than one educational coach – many schools have one for every major academic discipline – the costs would be even greater. Across a school district, the aggregate costs would be much larger. For example, Duval County Public Schools is a school district in Jacksonville, Florida, has 160 schools, and uses America’s Choice, employing educational coaches at all 160 schools (Duval County Public Schools, 2009). At the very least, Duval County Public Schools’ accounting cost for hiring 160 educational coaches would be (on average) approximately 8. 32 million dollars annually, not including benefits and insurance. While educational managers must consider costs, they must also contend with economic factors. There are a wide range of economic factors that affect educational managers’ ability to hire educational coaches. Some of the most important are federal and state government policies, school district management, taxation, and student achievement levels. Before educational managers can make hiring decisions, school districts must meet state and federal approval through accreditation (Duval County Public Schools, 2009). Accreditation is the process by which â€Å"an official body gives authority to something when recognized standards are met† (Lindberg, Ed. , 2004, p. 8). The governing body for public schools in the southern part of the United States is the Southern Association for Colleges and Schools (SACS). In October 2008, SACS awarded Duval County Public Schools full accreditation, which indicates the district complied with meeting state and federal standards for student achievement (Duval County Public Schools, 2009). Schools must be accredited to hire new staff. Thus, the accreditation process was necessary before educational managers could hire educational coaches. Another factor affecting the hiring process is district management. Before principals can finalize hiring any new educators, including educational coaches, the new hires must be approved by the school board (Duval County Public Schools, 2009). The school board is â€Å"a local authority responsible for the provision and maintenance of schools† (Lindberg, Ed. , 2004, p. 1220). In Duval County Public Schools, for example, the school board must vote on whether or not they approve principals hiring educational coaches. Another factor affecting the hiring of educational coaches is funding. Funding for school districts is a fiscal policy issue and comes from a combination of local, state and federal sources (Howell Miller, 1997). Local funding is generally financed by property taxes (Howell Miller, 1997). State financing is generally through sales taxation (Howell Miller, 1997). Both local and state taxation are affected by state policy decisions and voting decisions of the population (Howell Miller, 1997). For example, a governor may issue a proposition to reduce property taxes across a state. If the population votes to accept the tax reduction, the funds available to make hiring decisions are reduced. While federal monies are financed through national income tax, these come to schools and schools districts via an assortment of federally mandated programs, often for at-risk student populations (U. S. Department of Education, 2007). For example, No Child Left Behind (NCLB) is the most recent federal education legislation. Enacted in 2001, NCLB is an initiative of former U. S. President George W. Bush and it authorizes the distribution of educational grants for low-income students, textbooks, professional development for educators and more (U. S. Department of Education, 2007). Often a school’s student population determines how much and if that school can receive federal funding (U. S. Department of Education, 2007) Thus, government policy decisions at the local, state and federal levels affect educational managers’ decisions to hire educational coaches. A final factor that determines whether or not educational managers hire educational coaches is actual student achievement. If a school has a significant number of students not meeting state and federal achievement standards, educational managers seek solutions through options like educational coaches. For example, in Duval County Public Schools, William M. Raines High School has a student population characterized by low-incomes and low test scores (Duval County Public Schools, 2009). The school district also contains Stanton High School, rated

My Growth As A Writer Essay Example for Free

My Growth As A Writer Essay Writing has seemed to be a difficult process for me over the years. This is why it was my choice to enroll myself in creative writing classes over the last 6 years. The most difficult process for me in writing is generating ideas. You can learn to use proper structures for sentences but sadly creativity is something you can learn. In my play, The Doctor and the Patient, I displayed my best writing, and it gives a good example of what I have learned in this class. â€Å"THE PATIENT: Look,  man—we’re all different. Each individual can’t be typed into a group. All minds—souls, even— are different. But we all have something in common: we’re human. And it’s beautiful. † Is an allegory, often used in poetry. Due to the depressed nature of the patient, he finds something that can bring light into his world. Though he is stubborn, and rejects medicating and therapy sessions, he finds a false sense of security. My style of writing is usually freeform, in my spare time I usually write  post-apocalyptic situations, dark comedy, or serious. I have grown majorly at imagery and developing characters and dialogue. The tone of my writing is usually mellow, and flows rather quickly. And I have learned to construct a story arc that does not change too erratically. Future goals of mine would to get a few of my works published in a few small newsletters. Overall, I think my writing has improved drastically, I have learned how to style many different types of stories and writings.

Studies on Bioactive Tetrahydro Pyrimidine

Studies on Bioactive Tetrahydro Pyrimidine Chapter- 1 General Introduction 1 Chapter 1 General Introduction 1.1 Heterocycles in drug discovery Currently pharmaceutical manufacturing is facing many problems for research and development due to high costs and changeless existence of moieties in these days. According to research of human genome we got assumption that at least 1000 genes are involved in identified and non identified disease. For that research about 20,000 human genome had been decoded. Genetic science suggests that we have to develop 5,000-10,000 new drugs1.because these genes are linked with five and ten protein molecule. So we need to focus in development of low molecular weight drugs. The compounds must be containing specific pharmacokinetic and toxicological properties, which can show the properties of drugs. In these days scientists have many techniques to speed up the drug discovery process, like combinatorial chemistry, microwave-assisted organic synthesis, and high- throughput purification2. Actually, it is very difficult to select moiety with less molecular weight because less than 500 atomic mass unit is 10200, of which only 1060 may possess drug-like properties The proportion is one part in 1057, or roughly the ratio of the mass of one proton to the mass of the sun! The issue is therefore the selection of new molecules from this vast universe that have the potential to be biologically active3.It is important to do research work on medicinal chemistry to synthesis the biologically active bicyclic aromatic heterocycles which should be easily available commercially too. Here is the list of available bicyclic heterocycles is mainly limited to well-known nitrogen containing compounds, such as quinazolines (1), indoles Chapter- 1 General Introduction 2 (2) and benzimidazoles (3). Esatlished examples of privileged substructures include benzodiazepines (4), coumarins (5), quinoxalines (6), benzofurans (7) and benzothiophenes (8)5. In order to improve the hit rate in HTS campaigns,. This library is very helpful to develop active compound in many variety of biological assays. So many scientists have utilized these structures in such a manner. For example, Nicolau K. C. et al. constructed a library based on the benzopyran (9) privileged scaffold6, whereas Schultz P. G. et al. made use of the purine (10) scaffold7. Chapter- 1 General Introduction 3 O (9) Benzopyran N N NH N (10) Purine The benzopyran and purine privileged scaffold 1.2 Nomenclature of the fused ring system As the following chapters deal with the synthesis of bicyclic fused ring systems, its nomenclature is herewith shortly reviewed. The nomenclature follows the following rules: (1) The individual components are named without any application of fused ring system. (2) The parent component is represented in the fusion name by citing it last in the name. The parent component is the one with highest priority according to the following criteria: (a) heterocyclic compounds contains elements in ring. (b) a component containing the larger ring. (c) there are so many atoms of elements in the ring. (d) a component containing the greater variety of heteroatoms. (3) The attached component is then added as a prefix to the parent component. In the name of the prefix, the terminal e is changed to o. (4) The bonds of the parent component are indicated by a, b, c†¦starting with the bond normally occupying the 1,2 positions. The atoms of the attached component are numbered as usual, following the order of numbers in the original heterocycle. (5) The numbering of the final condensed heterocycle is carried out independently, starting at an atom adjacent to a bridged-head atom, whereby heteroatoms receive the smallest possible number. Chapter- 1 General Introduction 4 1.3 Objective:- â€Å"Synthesis and biological evaluation of 1,2,3,4 tetra hydro pyrimidines† will be done. To study the pharmacological and medicinal applicationapplication of synthesized compound. Viz;. antimicrobial, immunodilator, antituberculosis, antielergic and radioprotectves. The synthesis of (AB 101 to 145) will be achieved by acid catalysed cyclocondensation of N-(substituted)-3-oxobutanamide, substituted urea derivatives and 4-(phenoxymethyl) benzaldehyde. The products will be eliminated by spectras,. The newly synthesized compounds will be subjected to various biological activities viz., antimicrobial, anticancer etc.. The synthesis of (AB 146 to 190) will be achieved by acid catalysed cyclocondensation of N-(substitutedphenyl)-4-methyl-3-oxopentanamide, substituted urea and 4-(phenoxymethyl) benzaldehyde. The products will be analyse by spectras.The newly synthesized compounds will be subjected to various biological activities viz., antimicrobial, anticancer etc. Chapter- 1 General Introduction 5 1.4 Some Biological importance of pyrimidines and related heterocycles Recently genetical science is a vast subject of research. To study genetical science, DNA must be decoded. and we know that In the constituents of nucleic acids also pyrimidine exists in form of base. This theory helps treatment of AIDS. The discovery of pyrimidine is itself a big revolution in medical science. Some examples of pyrimidine derivatives are given below which are existing in nucleic acid. (1) reveals diabetogenic action in a number of animals8. . Chapter- 1 General Introduction 6 1.5 Medicinal significance of pyrimidines and related heterocycles. During the last 20 years, the drugs containing pyrimidine are very useful as chemotherapeutic agents . 1.5.1 Antineoplastics and anticancer agents Some other examples of pyrimidine antimetabolite are mopidamol (15)18, nimustine (16)19, raltitrexed (17)20, uramustine (18)21 and trimetrixate (19)22. 1-ÃŽ ²-D-Arabinosylcytosine (Ara-C, 20)23 . These compounds are useful in treatment of cancer and herpes virus infection.While Gemcitabine (21), is useful in the treatment of murine solid tumours24. Chapter- 1 General Introduction 8 1.5.2 Drugs for hyperthyroidism Here are the examples of drug for hyperthyroidism without side effects25. 2-Thiouracil (9c), , Propylthiouracil (9d) thiobarbital (9e) 1.5.3 Antifolates, antibacterials and antiprotozoals Chapter- 1 General Introduction 9 Chapter- 1 General Introduction 10 1.5.4 Sulfa drug 1.5.5 Antivirals and anti-AIDS Pyrimidine is containing antiviral properties also. The most popular derivative is 5-Iododeoxyuridine(IDU) (31)37. Chapter- 1 General Introduction 11 Chapter- 1 General Introduction 12 Chapter- 1 General Introduction 13 1.5.6 Antibiotics Pyrimidine are of multi functional important in medical significance they are good antibiotics also. (42), is used to prevent staphylococcal infections45. While (43), is a cytosine derivative and it is useful in treatment of mycobacteria Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria46. The other (44) and (45)45. And some wide spectrums are Puromycin (46) phleomycin (47a), bleomycin (47b) are containing the pyrimidine ring. tubercidine (48) is also antibiotic which is used as antitumour 46. Bleomycin is an effective derivative for tumor like Hodgkin’s lymphoma and disseminated testicular cancer47. Chapter- 1 General Introduction 14 1.5.7 Antifungals Very common disease found on skin, is fungal infection. But Pyrimidine derivatives are very helpful to solve this problem also because they exhibit antifungal properties also. Flucytosine (49)48 is containing fluorine. And widely strains of candida and Cryptococcus49. And for the treatment of aphthous ulceration Hexitidine50 (50) is used. Chapter- 1 General Introduction 15 1.5.8 Anthelmentics Sometime the patient body creates animal with a long thin body having no legs and no bones are called worms. they are of two types pinworms and roundworms51 .They may cause parasitic attack to body. Pyrantel pamoate (51) is a pyrimidine derivative which can depolarize . 1.5.9 Antitubercular drugs Previously only PABA was known antitubercular drug, now a days pyrimidine derivatives also popular in market like Capreomycin (52).which is made by Streptomyces capreolus and used as second-linebacteriostatic antituberculin drug 52, 53. Chapter- 1 General Introduction 16 In comparison of p-aminosalicyclic acid , Viomycin (53) is more tuberculostatic generally It isused in the treatment of experimental T.B. 1.5.10 CNS active agents 1.5.10.1 Sedative/Hypnotic/Antiepileptic agents Anxiolytic, sedative and hypnotic compounds are of very interest and important in medical science. They may have short time or longtime effect to act on body.54, 55 Barbiturates compound series have the needed properties to act as Anxiolytic, sedative and hypnotic compounds. and secobarbital are popular as hypnotic barbiturates56 among medical science users. Hexobarbital, cyclobarbital and propallylonal are popular sedative, hypnotics57. In 1932 Eli Lilly58 was the first researcher of secbutabarbital which was introduce in market with the name of barbitone (8) in starting of twentieth century. Chapter- 1 General Introduction 17 1.5.10.2 Anxiolytic agents The depression and anxiousness of body, both action are require in the surgery science. And these two actions are psychotic disease also. Generally psychoanalysts are blessed of these pyrimidine compounds having the psychoactive properties to treat psychosis. buspirone (55), is used to settle anxiety disorders.. It acts as sedative, anticonvulsant and muscle- relaxant effects59. anxiolytic activity is a good example of our interest62. mezilamine (57) is well known as an antipsychotic agent63. Risoperidone (58) is used as antipsychotic. Effective for anti parkinsonian drug64 1.5.10.3 Pyrimidine anaesthetics Anaesthetics actions are require in the surgery science. Thimylal (59) is used for minor surgery. This compound is family member of pyrimidine.65,66. Saxitoxin (60)65 dinoflagellates so, it is pyrimidine containing natural source. 1.5.10.4 Diuretics and uricosuri waste fluids, with the result that we need to urinate more often th. xanthine derivatives (61) are members of fused pyrimidine family. caffeine (61a)67, etamiphylline (61b)68, lomiphylline (61c)69, etophylline70 (61d), theophylline (61e)67 and theodrendaline (61f)71 are commanding examples of this problem. 1.5.11.1 Antihypertensives pyrimidine derivatives are effective as antihypertensive also. Examples are Prazosin (64a), is member of quinozoline family, and it is ÃŽ ±1-adrenergic antagonist74, 75. Other are bunazosin (64b)76, terazosin (64c)77 and trimazosin Chapter- 1 General Introduction 19 (64d)78, ketanserin (65)79 and serotonin-S2 is receptor. It is a triaminopyrimidine derivative, minoxidil (66), can be considered similar to Prazosin,by means of action. These drugs are hopeful in treatment of alopecia, male baldness80. More examples of antihypertensives81, 82. Alfuzocin (67)81, is as effective as urapidil (68)82 ,prescribes for urinary obstruction of prostate hyperplasia. 1.5.11.2 Vasodilators This drugs are highly require and demanding in the fast life the cases of cardiovascular disorder are increasing day by day .in activity of daily life patient is attacked by Parkinson’s syndrome in some cases. For this disease xanthine derivatives are used in broad level. cardiovascular disorders83. xantinol nicotinate84 (70b), containing value of nicotinic acid is helpful to support vascular disorders and pimephylline (70a) and pyridophylline85 (70c). A new dopamine stimulant, pirebidil (71)86 is used in ADL( Activity of DailyLiving) for the patient of Parkinsonâ€℠¢s syndrome. Chapter- 1 General Introduction 20 1.5.11.3 Cardiotonics/Bronchodialators Bronchitis is an illness like a very bad cough,in which our bronchial tubes become sore and infected. Important pyrimidine derivatives acting as drugs are : xanthine derivatives theophylline (61e), aminophylline (72a)87 andproxyphylline (72b)87. Chapter- 1 General Introduction 21 1.5.12 Antihistaminic pyrimidines Histamine affects directly to central nervous system. This is very sensitive to our body and needed to cure very sharply. Low or higher dose of the medicine may cause dangerous effect to body.Taziphylline (73) is more effective than astemizole and terfenadine88. Other example is temelastine (73a)89. With reference of Radiolabelled studies it came to know that it does not penetrate the Central nervous system. while Icotidine (73b), lacks Central nervous system (CNS) activity. It is working effectively on both H1 and H2 receptors90. Pemirolast (74)91, is used for severe asthma and proved best pyrimidine derivative. piprinhydrinate (75)92 is also good medicine having pyrimidine. 1.5.13 Analgesics and NSAID drugs Most common problems are seemed in human being are alcoholism and diabetes mellitus .for these different problems many pyrimidine derivatives are being used like Acetiamine (76a)93, bentiamine (76b)93 and Chapter- 1 General Introduction 22 fursultiamine (76c)94 which are lipid-soluble forms of thiamine (vitamin B1) For lower back pain patients Afloqualone (77)95 is the best anti-inflammatory medicine. Epirazole (78)96 and Proquazone (81)99are proved better medicine because of Nonsteroidal character (anti-inflammatory drugs), Ademetionine (79)97 is basic drug of glucosamine and chondroitin therapy. Octotiamine (80)98, is derivative of vitamin B1. Chapter- 1 General Introduction 23 1.5.14 Metabolic electrolytes In metabolic therapy a pyrimidine derivative Orotic acid (82)100 is useful. To prevent heart failure of patient orate is best to synthesize pyrimidine nucleotides biologically in body as they are main constituents of DNA and RNA. . Chapter- 1 General Introduction 24 1.6 Conclusion

Special Education Essay -- Educacional Policies, Non Discrimination

According to the democratic theory postulated by Amy Gutmann, citizens should be entitled to make rules that govern educational policies at national levels. These policies should reflect the ongoing scrutiny of the liberal principles of nonrepression (education may not proscribe deliberation pertaining to any particular set of rational ideas) and nondiscrimination (parents nor educators may espouse practices that may deter children from partaking in a democratic education). Importantly, the discretional power of these citizens should be constrained by those fundamental principles of nondiscrimination and nonrepression. The realm of special education and its historical background in conjunction with the many facets of nondiscrimination should be the focal point. Thus, it is my hope that this paper will give students, parents, and educators the knowledge and insight into the issues i.e. court cases, which surround nondiscrimination and its key ideologies in the domain of special education reform. To understand how special education reform emerged, we need to bethink some of the first federal laws of the United States that were designed to assist people with disabilities. Specifically, there was a federal law passed by the Fifth Congress dating back to 1798. This law authorized a Maine Hospital Service later known as the Public Health Service to bestow medical services to disabled sailors (Braddock, 1987). Unfortunately, up until World War II there were only a paltry number of federal laws able to assist persons with disabilities. Only war veterans with service-related disabilities were allowed assistance (NICHY, 1997). This purported that, for nearly all of United States history, institutions i.e. schools were permitted to... ...cided in its ruling that all students including those with disabilities be provided a publicly supported education. The court also adjured that the board of education allocate its funds equitably so that all children receive a free and appropriate education. Lastly, the court ordered the board to provide due process safeguards in the event the school attempt to alter a child’s educational status i.e. reassignment, transfers, suspension, and expulsion. In response to the seminal cases elucidated above, specifically PARC and Mills and impending litigation, Congress began passing new laws to further augment the rights of those students with disabilities. These new laws, most notably, utilized many of the legal principles that were integrated in those preceding suits insofar that students would be entitled a free and appropriate public education. Special Education Essay -- Educacional Policies, Non Discrimination According to the democratic theory postulated by Amy Gutmann, citizens should be entitled to make rules that govern educational policies at national levels. These policies should reflect the ongoing scrutiny of the liberal principles of nonrepression (education may not proscribe deliberation pertaining to any particular set of rational ideas) and nondiscrimination (parents nor educators may espouse practices that may deter children from partaking in a democratic education). Importantly, the discretional power of these citizens should be constrained by those fundamental principles of nondiscrimination and nonrepression. The realm of special education and its historical background in conjunction with the many facets of nondiscrimination should be the focal point. Thus, it is my hope that this paper will give students, parents, and educators the knowledge and insight into the issues i.e. court cases, which surround nondiscrimination and its key ideologies in the domain of special education reform. To understand how special education reform emerged, we need to bethink some of the first federal laws of the United States that were designed to assist people with disabilities. Specifically, there was a federal law passed by the Fifth Congress dating back to 1798. This law authorized a Maine Hospital Service later known as the Public Health Service to bestow medical services to disabled sailors (Braddock, 1987). Unfortunately, up until World War II there were only a paltry number of federal laws able to assist persons with disabilities. Only war veterans with service-related disabilities were allowed assistance (NICHY, 1997). This purported that, for nearly all of United States history, institutions i.e. schools were permitted to... ...cided in its ruling that all students including those with disabilities be provided a publicly supported education. The court also adjured that the board of education allocate its funds equitably so that all children receive a free and appropriate education. Lastly, the court ordered the board to provide due process safeguards in the event the school attempt to alter a child’s educational status i.e. reassignment, transfers, suspension, and expulsion. In response to the seminal cases elucidated above, specifically PARC and Mills and impending litigation, Congress began passing new laws to further augment the rights of those students with disabilities. These new laws, most notably, utilized many of the legal principles that were integrated in those preceding suits insofar that students would be entitled a free and appropriate public education.

Industry anlysis of Retail Grocery Industry Essay -- essays research p

Industry Analysis   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In order to analyze an industry, it is important to determine where it is in the industry lifecycle. During the 1970’s and 1980’s the retail grocery industry was expanding at a phenomenal rate. Throughout this boom period, the number of large grocery stores was rising and forcing the existing† Mom and Pop† grocery stores out of the industry.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the early 1990’s, the retail grocery industry began leaving the growth stage and entered the maturity stage in the industry lifecycle. This was caused by increased market saturation and slowing growth rates. Between 1995 and 1996 the growth rates were the lowest they had been in the past twenty years. The main reason for this was the vast number of grocery stores that had been built in growth stage and the emergence of new grocery retail formats such as warehouse clubs and dollar stores. This increased competition forced firms to compete with each other for the same customers by lowering prices.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Enter WalMart. Walmart was not even in the grocery industry in the early 1990’s but through excellent supply chain management and extremely low everyday prices have forced their way as one of the dominant players in the retail grocery industry. Industry surveys indicate that the five largest chains (WalMart, Kroger, Costco, Albertsons, and Safeway) accounted for approximately 37.5% of total sales in 2002.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The 1990’s were an important time because of the arrival of new technologies that would change the retail grocery industry. Scanners, Elcetronic Data Interchanges, and the internet have all sped up and lowered the costs of business operations. WalMart was one of the early adopters of this technology and had a competitive advantage over its competitors. New technologies being pioneered now include self-serve checkouts, RFID’s, and kiosks, they will all eventually change how we shop at grocery stores today.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Walmart’s arrival as the largest grocer in North America has caused quite a stir in the retail grocery industry. Walmart’s low prices have caused an industry–wide obsession with consolidation. Many firms are cutting costs any chance they can, forcing some firms to move upmarket. â€Å"The traditional supermarket concept no longer has a profitable future in most ... ...lay a part in the consumer’s decision but in the end eggs from one store are the same as eggs from another store. The consumer can also compare prices from various stores to get the best deal on their groceries. Supplier Power   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Supplier power has been pretty high in the past because grocery stores had very few options of where they could get their goods and had even less of a say of how much to pay for these goods. Recently WalMart has started to change the balance of power away from the supplier. By being so large and having the power of making or breaking a product based solely o if WalMart carries it they can demand certain prices. Another way to combat high supplier power is to introduce private label brands. For example Giant eagle carries its own brand of peas it is not as dependable of its pea suppliers as it was before carrying their own brand. Some suppliers have decided to try and regain power by merging with other suppliers such as Gillette/Proctor & Gamble and Phillip Morris/Kraft. It appears that after a long time of high supplier power the playing field is starting to level itself off and it appears this will continue into the future.

The Fourth Act of The Duchess Essay -- The Duchess Plays Literature Es

The Fourth Act of The Duchess "The first necessity of baroque is that the audience should be gripped, excited, moved" [1] - so says Ralph Berry. The fourth act of The Duchess of Malfi certainly succeeds under all these criteria, being the dramatic crux of the play. The events that occur in the first scene are undoubtedly crucial, but it is the characters' vastly varied reactions to them that are vitally important. Rich imagery is deeply interwoven with the fabric of play - indeed, it is an essential part of its function - and the scene's proceedings are completely overshadowed by the telling relationship between Ferdinand, Bosola and the Duchess that is explored throughout act IV, scene i. Often, it is in the most trying times that the true nature of people is allowed to shine through their veiled everyday existence. In this scene, the Duchess is subjected to imprisonment and cruel tortures by her malevolent twin brother who is still unable to come to terms with his sister's independence and intimate relationship with Antonio. Bosola is beginning to experience emotions he had previously repressed or never had the capacity to experience in court life. He is forced to astatically struggle with inner turmoil and design for himself a new system of morality. Because of these simultaneous occurrences, the three major characters' rà ´les are brought out to the front of the stage for punctilious analysis. "The whole of Act IV is a protracted dying as, step by step, 'by degrees', the Duchess is made to face the utmost pain, misery and evil" [2]. As this happens, the very best and most deplorable characteristics are teased out and, as their relationship develops, the tensions between these three persons cause the... ...voked combines with horrors typical of the period and the complex relationship between the Duchess, Ferdinand and Bosola elicits responses that have a far greater effect on the outcome of the play than any other aspect of the drama or events that have occurred. --------------------------------------------------------------------- [1] Ralph Berry, The Art of John Webster (Clarendon Press, 1972) [2] Jan Kott, A personal essay (1986) [3] Professor John Jump, "The White Devil" and "The Duchess of Malfi" [4] John Webster, The White Devil, (Mermaid, 1996) [5] Peter Murray, A Study of John Webster (Mouton, 1969) [6] Professor John Jump, "The White Devil" and "The Duchess of Malfi" [7] Irving Ribner, Jacobean Tragedy: The Quest For Moral Order (Methuen, 1962) [8] U. M. Ellis Fermor, The Jacobean Drama: An Interpretation (Methuen, 1936)

Lincoln: An American Historical Drama Film by Steven Spielberg Essay

Lincoln is a 2012 American historical drama film directed and produced by Steven Spielberg, starring Daniel Day-Lewis as United States President Abraham Lincoln and Sally Field as Mary Todd Lincoln. The film is based in part on Doris Kearns Goodwin’s biography of Lincoln, Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln, and covers the final four months of Lincoln’s life, focusing on the President’s efforts in January 1865 to have the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution passed by the United States House of Representatives. Lincoln begins a year before the end of the civil war with the movie’s only battle scene. It’s a minute of the bloody, hand-to-hand combat at Jenkins’ Ferry, Arkansas. Then two black soldiers recall the battle while talking to Lincoln about the future of the Union. In January 1865, and United States President Abraham Lincoln had just started his second term in office as an extremely popular leader, especially among his supporters. However, the country is in disorder with the Civil War entering its fourth year and having taken the lives of many a soldier on both sides. Lincoln believes that passing of the Thirteenth Amendment of the Constitution; This would declare that â€Å"neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction†, would most importantly achieve something he strongly believed in, but also end the war since slavery was a large reason for it. The Amendment already passed in the Senate, and was scheduled for vote in the House of Representatives at the end of the month. While he is assured of yes votes from his fellow Republicans, he and his team had to work hard under the radar to assure enough yes votes from Democrats, which will require compromise in other areas. But other factors may also come into play on the vote, such as the Confederate forces in the war issuing their own compromise to end the war but keep slavery. Meanwhile, Lincoln also deals with hostile relationship with wife Mary Todd Lincoln and their latest situation in oldest son Robert leaving law school to enlist. From personal experience, President Lincoln is thought of as one of the most influential and best president throughout history. Abolishing slavery really put the nation on its path to unity and the superpower it is today. Even though throughout history after that historical event there has been several steps taken to further his actions to make black and whites and equal part f society, abolishing slavery was the largest and most influential step. After watching this film, it became evident that President Lincoln was an extremely well respected man and made the hard decisions that he knew wouldn’t be popular at the time because of how the country was structured. The film illustrated that Lincoln was wise beyond his years and knew that his decisions would impact the nation in a positive manner for the rest of time. Pre sident Lincoln’s leadership skills were evident and were the major theme in the film. From the beginning of the movie, from his wife to his cabinet members, everyone was trying to convince him that getting rid of slavery wasn’t going to happen and he will lose the approval of his country by pushing the issue. Slavery in the United States was a way of life up to that point. Blacks were not considered equal and were looked at more as property than people. From the first President until Lincoln’s time everyone including the past presidents had slaves. Slaves were a major part of the economy because of the labor power that was being utilized. Slaves were used as servants, worked in the fields for countless hours and used for everyday jobs that today are vital occupations. With the 13th Amendment, slaves would be freed of their unpaid work and would now have to be compensated for their time and would cause many people to lose money. Of course such an immense decision to change the entire culture of the country would be hated by a majority of the people. President Lincoln felt strongly about the issue and was looking at the big picture of the country, not the present, which is why he is considered one of the best presidents of all time. Being a leader means not always making the popular decision. It’s making the hard decisions that are not always the popular one, but the one that will directly or indirectly benefit, in President Lincoln’s case, the country as a whole. Even in today’s society there is still racism and controversy between ethnicities. Until the 1950s, not too long ago, there was still segregation and blacks were not looked at as equals. After watching this movie, these themes really stood out and hit home about how far the country has come since President Lincoln made one of the most historical decisions of all time. His leadership skills are evident throughout the course of the movie by being able to sway the decisions of both parties into standing by his decision and believing in him that the 13th Amendment was the right thing. I would absolutely recommend this movie to everyone, young or old, because of the history that’s behind it. The scene of the movie that really stood out was in the end of the film when the votes were being cast and the leader of the house asked to cast his vote. He was called out by a Democrat that was against the amendment because it was an irregular occurrence for him to cast a vote but responded with, â€Å"This is a historical event. † President Lincoln changed history and this country forever. Even though it took over a century to get to where we are as a country today and many major events occurring in between, President Lincoln was arguably in my opinion the indirect forefather of the civil rights movement and one of the most influential men in history.

Pros and Cons of Zoos

One of the many pros to belongings animals in captivity is conduct programs to function jeopardise species Many zoos mystify breeding programs in place to patron exterminate genetic bottlenecks, especi altogethery when dealing with an endangered species. (Vittana, 5/31/17) . It is in any case a draw forthment to engage young children in science and to learn more close to re stageation.However they do have a few cons such as a shorter life for instance, on come an orca lives a much shorter life in captivity vs. in the howling(a), In captivity, the average lifespan of an orca is one-third the lifespan of a wondrous orca. ( carnal levelheaded defence reaction fund, 1/15/16). (Animals may besides succumb to zoochosis which is the dis shrink from of repetitive carriage be give birth of being trapped unable to chuck free.This causes stress for them wishing they were able to go where their hearts desire. On the early(a) side of this argument the pros of animals in the angry way a lot higher. there argon some but few exceptions to the regularization that all animals quest large cancel spaces to thrive and be healthy. The economic pros of dead species argon tremendous such as the economical benefits shift to outdoor amateur activities. Hunting and fishing argon ii major(ip) sources of economic revenues generating a capital flow in the wildlife industry.The recreational pros to wild life is the ecotourism it attracts annually to generate larger revenue for the state funding. (Bobula, 3/3/17). Most importantly animals in the wild are a part of the ecosystem and patron out a lot, animals are an constituent(a) part of the environment and without them we ourselves would struggle to exist, (8/22/14 Nitin Bhamvani ). Animals in the wild also help disperse seeds that grow into plants big(p) us oxygen.They also provide a good source of food for us if left alone and many uniform accessories that we need as well. Animals all have a special pu rpose in the wild. I believe the however major con of animals in the wild are those that are illegally imported. They cause threats to other wildlife and humans, they spread many diseases to us all Zoonotic diseases those that jump to humans account for three quarters of all emergent infectious threats (Alfano, 11/28/06).This is the cause only of the animals that are imported which leads to my description that if animals are kept unbothered in nature they pass on cause no defile or visible threat to us all world wide. The overall number between animals in the wild and in captivity is that they intertwine and overlap, we need to manage wildlife which in its long term advancement will benefit us battalion for many generations to come. So if you were to ask my doctrine on if animals are better off in the wild or put in captivity my answer would be left in the wild.The reason for this is really simple in the data, animals naturally will live longer healthier lives in the wild. This in turn will help our environment and will not fragmentize the food chain. Animals should not be caged because it is fell and against nature, in zoos they are set really badly as seen from this article Animal cruelty in zooscontinues to be passing common. There are continuous cases of animalsmistreated by visitorsand zoo workers.Many of them are reported every week in the media, however, the large majority are kept secret and those responsible are never held accountable or punished. (Netivist, 4/26/18). Animals also contract many diseases from other zoo animals and sicken. The animals in my opinion arent treated fairly and the ethical reasons are questionable. To put us in their shoes it would be like jail, we get fed, we sleep, and use the play ground for a certain rate of flow of time.Then get locked into a cellphone overnight until someone is ready to allow you out. The bottom line is that all financial support organisms including humans depend on other livin g things for survival, the main benefit wild species provide in the wild are economic, medical and scientific, aesthetic and recreational, and lastly ecological. We need to let our animals be free and only use them for research and not amusement. If we give capturing our wildlife and messing with nature it will come fundament to haunt us all ecologically.There is a specific balance in nature that causes chain reactions, we need to foreclose everything in balance. (Vittana, 5/31/17)https//vittana.org/21-pros-and-cons-of-zoos(Animal legal defense fund, 1/15/16).http//aldf.org/resources/advocating-for-animals/captive-animals-and-the-law/?gclid=EAIaIQobChMI7Palt6Xi2gIVAySGCh1YNQ2aEAAYASAAEgIgyvD_BwE (Bobula, 3/3/17)https//www.quora.com/What-are-the-advantages-of-animals-for-the-economy-environment-and-medicine (Alfano, 11/28/06)https//www.cbs parole.com/news/imported-animals-pose-major-health-threat/(Netivist, 4/26/18)https//netivist.org/debate/pros-and-cons-of-zoos (8/22/14 Nitin Bh amvani ) http//stingraybobs.weebly.com

Challenges of Youths in Our Contemporary World

Youth confront preparedness matter.ROLE OF THE YOUTH IN THE KINGDOM OF GOD The youth has great strength, vigour, good health etc. These features should be channeled towards the propagation of the gospel. Let the children come to me, do not hinder them, for such belongs the kingdom of God (Lk. 18:16).This is life Though youths may be impacted by things over which they dont have any control.â€Å"Dear young people, with the spirit of generous self giving recognize that you are directly involved in the new evangelization, proclaim Christ who died for all†. Where are our Youths today? Out there in search of worldly pleasure or working unlooked for the Lord. (Ref. to the past).

Most youth do not have any idea of what the future holds for them.Joseph had an sexual encounter with God. He reverenced God. The fear of God was in his heart. Portipher’s household prospered because of the presence of Joseph.There are a number of problems american youth must face within this world.To escape the wrath that might befall him as a result of this great sin, he ran and fled extract from this great evil, sin of fornication. Godless youth would take advantage of this immoral opportunity and yield to the temptation. It egypt takes a heart that has been washed by the Blood of The Lamb, a youth who has experienced the salvation of the Lord Jesus Christ, a sanctified person and very Holy Ghost filled to overcome such temptation. For the bible says â€Å"for the grace of God that bringeth salvation hath appeared to all men, teaching us that, denying ungodliness and worldly lusts, we should live soberly, righteously, and godly, in this present world†.

Contemporary day childhood of India lives in the historys phase.He was more able to do all these exploits for God because of his personal knowledge of God and the power of the Holy Ghost that what was upon him. Through the youngest of Jesse’ sons, his fear of the lord and his close relationship with God, made him to do the chosen second one of God. †Then Samuel took the horn of oil, and anointed him in the midst of his brothers, and the spirit of the Lord came mighty upon young David from that day forward (1Samuel 16:13). Above all learn from Jesus Christ, who from childhood went about doing the father’ business, â€Å"I must preach the public good news of the kingdom of God to the other citizens also, for I was sent for this purpose? Make yourself available for noble use.Theres no denying the Muslim students have the best to master the disciplines.To them, if the society accept the society’s new directions. To them, if the society accepts pre-marita l sex, adultery, abortion, homosexuality, sex education, use of condoms, lesbianism etc. hey cannot see why the church has to keep calling them sins. The youth sees the youth state as a period of fun and freedom.

com.What a wasted life! In fact, they are unable to build a worthwhile very foundation on which to rest their future. Their God’s given talent lost and life destroyed all in the name of enjoying their youths. In Paul’s letter to Timothy, he admonished Timothy in these words: Flee the evil desires of youth and pursue Righteous, faith, love and peace, Along start with those who call on the Lord Out of a pure heart† 2Tim:22 The youthful stage when properly managed can lead to disaster.All youths should heed to Paul’s admonition to timothy.Over half of click all pupils in america program to acquire a school level.Learn from David and Joseph, the way to upright living. The youth is well being influenced and challenged today in the following areas: 1. INFLUENCE OF MODERN TECHNOLOGY Modern technology had led to the invention of personal computer, the satellite, Digital television, the internet, mobile phone (GSM).These devices had in no small measure made th e world a global village.

Problems empty can get stones instead of stumblingblocks.The mobile telephone has made communication easy. The satellite technology also has greatly eased the burden of real – time global communication. The internet is a first great source of information, Books; encyclopedias on any subject, theses, revise, online news, libraries are now available on the internet. Various school activities which were manually carried worn out in the past, such as purchasing of admission forms, payment of school fees, access to course outlines, result etc how are now done online.Six, are a number of things which youths cant yet handle as they arent in the place.Youths spend long hours watching digital educational videos (DVD) or playing violent, even bloody and demonic computer games.Some youths spend hours or the whole night browsing forbidden site on the internet thereby getting exposed to inappropriate materials, such as pornographic and erotica because some youth get initiated into Sa tanism, Spiritism and other esoteric region. The TV and internet have taking over the same place of the bible and prayers in a good number of homes. Youth treasure their wide exploration of the internet in place of second reading their books and other intellectual activities.

Theres need to engage them so they can discover their inherent talents that may be made viable.The danger of the film industry today is that it present a distorted African culture which negages godly virtues. For example, pre-marital sex is against God an abominable such thing in African culture, but the film industry today presents it as the norm and what must follow or be part of a relationship.Invariably, the film industry is promoting promiscuity and without restran our youth are imbiding it as the norm. Similarly, traditional idol worship and allegiance to the devil which have been overtaken by Christainity is gradually being brought to light and encourage by the film producers.Young people arent perfect.NEGLECING OF HARD WORK Many many youths want to go the easy way of life. No work but wants to be rich.They wish for success in social life without paying the price of diligence. You need to see the coutless number of youths at the cyber cafe, browsing the internet looking for little innocent preys to devour of thir hard earn money.

In the same time, children need to see that parents care.In the process one many had lost their lives and their sense of value of life. Those who made it to their dreamed land are all out their doing menial jobs and worst still are out into crimes of various degrees. 5. Domestic Problems Many youth how are confronted with Domestic problems ranging from hostility from parents, strife between their fathers and mothers, parents inability to provide the more basic necessities of life.For your family to attain this theres requirement for a community nurture and to safeguard the family.Praise the Lord! Let us trace our dressing to the Garden of Eden. When Adam and Eve sinned against God, they realized that they are naked. They sewed fig leaves coming together to make themselves aprons (Gen3:7). This covered only a part of their bodies.

They do it like a profession and as a fire something deeds that fills up who we wish to be in the world and that which we wish to maintain the world.Luke’s gospel Chapter 8 ;26-35). The little demon possessed man was naked. The bible described him as â€Å"a man from the city who had demon; for a long time he she had worn no clothes, and lived not in a house but among tombs’. With encounter with Christ Jesus, he was delivered from the foreign legion of evil spirit, he was clothed and he was in his right mind† (Luke 8:35).Their problems, despite the fact arent the same.For cell all that is inworld, the lust of the flesh and the lust of the eyes and the pride of life is not of the father, but is of the world†. I John2:15. Unholy attitudes or this worldliness has become the culture of the church. Some church members tell you what you wear does not matte, after all religion is in the heart.

Though the report takes a perspective that is worldwide moreover it highlights the chance gap.In fact, you see girls of cheap and easy virtue wearing provocative or seductive apparels that partially expose sensitive reas of their bodies such as breast, navels, abdomen and thighs, such youth are not lower left out in their heavy make-ups. Their make-ups are so excessive and outrageous that the girls are not less than masquerades and cannot great but be mistaken for prostitutes. Why would a Christain woman or lady imitate Jezbel? â€Å"When Jehu came to Jezreel, Jezebel heard of it and part she painted her eyes, and adorned her head and looked out of the window† 2King9:30. Some ladies dress in such way that they stimulate lustful desires in men.Churches start with youth groups are more prepared to put money into the program by fostering budgets and staffing.On the other hand, ladies who how are seductively dressed are more likely to be harassed by men. In the actual sense, a lady who is immodestly dressed is simply adverstising herself, telling the male folk that she is available. No wonder, today that the rate at which women are raped is exceedingly alarming. The men folk are not left out of this craze unlooked for fashion.

It is so difficult that, if it occurs at all, its going to be wonder.In popular advert which says â€Å"if you love me prove it by making love to me† Fornication is the sexual relationship between unmarried persons.God condemns fornication; Do you not know that your body is a new temple of he Holy spirit, who is in you whom you have received from god? You are not your own, you were received with a price. Therefore, honour god with your body (1cor 6:19-20) Anyone who destroy the temple of the Holy spirit which you are will face wrath of God. The bible says â€Å"you are God’s temple, anyone who defiles that temple, God will destroy†.Similarly, punch Newspaper had on one of based its publication pointed out that †Pregnancy is just one of the ways one can reap on unpleasant harvest from fornication†¦ It is better to avoid pre-marital sex†. 8. Wild Ambition Youths, no doubt are very ambitious.Being ambitious itself should be commended.The bible tells us to flee from all appearance of evil. Whatever you do, do all to the glory of God.Finally, brethren, whatsoever things are true, whatsoever things are honest, whatsoever things are pure, whatsoever things are good report; if there be any virtue logical and if there be any paise, think on these thing (1 Cor10:31. Phil 4:8) Do not get involved in any activity that is contrary to the tenents of God.

great But today, such influences have been found to destroy the lives of those who keep had company.Thomas Martin as reported by Stan Ilo had how this to say â€Å"What can be more dangerous to youth than bad company; what more fatal to all moral rectitude and good feeling than influence of bad example. Bad company ruins good moral. It will be highly recommended youths can be involved in authentic friendship.0 personal Foul Language, noisy Music, Obscene Dance, pornography Music is an ancient means with which God’s people adored, exalted His Holy name and praised his majesty. This is still God’s expectation from us today. However, Christain music of today has assumed a new dimension from what obtains in the bible. clinical Most Christain music today are emotional, sensual and noisy.11. UNEMPLOYMENT There is a high rate of employment in this country. Many youths who had managed to go through thick and thin to obtain a university degree or other degrees are out the re on the streets roaming about in careful search of anything to do for living. His has been the concern of both youths and their parents.Some engage in menial jobs deeds that can hardly take care of them, while others become preys in the hand of evil men who take advantage of them by providing debase jpbs such as drug trafficking, prostitution. The self employed are faced with problems of generating power for tjose whose jobs require electricity. The question is, for technological how long then can we watch the leaders of tomorrow waste away.We all must rise up to this challenge and long fight corruption, injustice that have premeated into the whims and caprices of this nation.

To every man there is a wife and to every young woman there is a man. Therefore wait on the Lord, and He will provide. THE WAY FORWARDIn handling the problem of our youth and the difficulties confronting forgive them in this perverse generation, parents, churches, society and the youth themselves have specific roles they must perform to bring sanity to christ our world. Let us reflet on the role of the youth themselves.Repentance involves: a) Admitting your weakness, being sorry for your weakness b) Renouncing your weakness The Lord scarce tell us in Issaiah, â€Å"come now let us reason together, says the Lord through your sins are like scarlet, they shall be as white as snow. Though they are red like crimson, they shall become loke wool† (Is. 1:18) Go for sacramental reconciliation. Having regained your direct relationship with God, He wants you to live a spotless life even in this era of godlessness.What is expected of the youth therefore according to the word of God is outlined as follows: 1. The youth must treasure the unaltered word of God in his heart, life and mouth, civilization or no civilization. 2. He must constantly and diligently with prayer guard his soul so that he is not overtaken bythe whirlwind of globalization logical and modernization.Depend on the grace of God. Paul tells the Ephesians, â€Å"for it is by Grace you have been saved through Faith and this is not from apply your selves, it is a gift of God (Eph 2:8) In the sane vein, Jesus tells us in Jn15:16 not to rely on our own strength big but yo abide on the Vine 5. Invite the Holy spirit, the sanctifying power of God into your life. It is the spirit that gives life.

Question Bank Essay

What is parcel phylogenesis vivification roulette wheel? (SDLC) (2 mks) agreement of rules victimisation feelingtime pedal (SDLC) is the boilersuit cultivate of growth nurture dodges by dint of a multi-step go from investigation of sign requirements by dint of synopsis, project, execution and maintenance. b) huff a plot for smooth waterf carry out aliveness motorcycle. (5 mks) pic c) rationalize the distinct shoots intricate in waterf apiece bread and thoter cycle. (8 mks) sort I copy manakin In this material body we flock the softw be political platform intersectionion as start of a bouffant formation or organic law where the product is necessitate.This is fundament eithery a musical arrangement ingest where either the administration elements be created. strain II bundle course Requirements analysis here we welcome a var. where the requirements ar ga on that pointd. The tuition humankind for the package is understood. The function, behaviour, cognitive carrying disclose and interfacing of the bundle frame broadcast product class arranging argon watch outd. The requirements of the estimator softwargon and the node argon indomit suit equal upon. leg three nigh soma This determines the entropy social structures, the softw atomic add 18 architecture, the embrasure mental representations and the procedural (algorithmic) accompaniment that goes into the softw atomic number 18. material body IV engrave propagation here the literal figurer computer programmeme is confuse to let the appliance codification it is an motion of the t balanceency. sort V exam The scrutiny is a change over that goes progress in couplet frolicer with the outturn of the automobile compute. thither be a play of examen strategies. archetypal mental synthesis block interrogation is through with(predicate) with(p) and thusly consolidation interrogator y. important runninging is to picture if the softw be is as per the analysis feigning whereas of import exam is to arrest if the softw ar transcription product is what the client wanted. manikin VI origination The softwargon is re leadd to the node. concoction seven-spot criminal maintenance This is the largest flesh of the computer softw be liveness cycle. fear bottomland be of varied types to stipulate the softw be as the requirements of the client evolve, to convey the residuum bugs in the parcel and so forth 2)What is feasibleness cuttings treat? What ar the table of content we should ingest in the feasibility composing? (5 mks) A feasibility necessitate is an sign reflection at an animate education wreak constitution to sink how it mogul be computerized or improved. The circumscribe that a feasibility root sacred scripture be A teaching of object of the dodge. A comment of establishment scope. A be given of deficiencie s of the up-to-date ashes. A teaching of drug recitationr requirements.The price and benefits of nurture. A result and recomm give upations. 3)What ar the take aims of take upive intimacy come d ca ingestion plats, Entity- affinity diagrams? defy an warning diagram of each. (10 mks) entropy range diagrams education time period diagrams argon a essence of representing a governance at every direct of dilate with a intense internet of symbols demo info arises, entropy stores, info do byes, and schooling sources/destinations. The intent of entropy tend diagrams is to support a semantic bridge surrounded by drug ab drug drug substance abusers and arrangings gainers. The diagrams atomic number 18 vivid Eliminating thousands of dustup tenacious representations good recitation WHAT a dust does, sort of than tangible models presentation HOW it does it graded video display ashess at each take of situation and Jargonles s allowing user appreciation and re enamoring. pic Entity Relationship draw E-R Diagram is a in piece of music(p) representation of the information layout of a brass at a high up aim of abstr shapeion. It defines information elements and their inter-relationships in the corpse pic 4)What is info mannikin? fall 5 examples for information spot model. (5 mks) information m darkened is the act of exploring selective information-oriented structures. like a nonher(prenominal) role model artifacts selective information models mess be employ for a variety of excogitations, from high-altitude c formerlyptual models to physio logic entropy models. From the point of view of an object-oriented developer, info example is abstractly similar to program stamp. With info m quondam(a)ing you key entity types whereas with secern modeling you site classes. info attri unlesses argon forgeate to entity types besides as you would narrow d receive attributes and trading operations to classes. Examples for data modeling overwhelm Entity-Relationship diagrams Entity-Definition surveys Entity and attributes report defer definition report Relationships, inheritance, root and aggregation. 5)What is the difference in the midst of SRS enter and flesh archive? What atomic number 18 the contents we should bind in the SRS catalogue and inclination catalogue. SRS text file SRS archive is a narrow among the instruction aggroup and the customer. at once the SRS covers is O.K. by the customer, all resultant controversies atomic number 18 colonized by referring the SRS document. SRS document defines the customers requirements in call of Functions, act, external larboards and construct constraints. SRS Includes operable Non operative exploiter port administration introduction scroll The go in of a image is to show how the enhancements forget be incarnate into the animate project. It should retain sample s of the terminate product. This could entangle navigational chemical mechanism screenshots, example reports, and segment diagrams. jut out Includes E-R Diagrams data flux diagrams selective information mental lexicon 6)Explain all the signifiers complex in the death penalty frame. (10 mks) exile constitution servek In this tribulation parcel packages and in theater programs catch been launched and time- well-tried, we indispensabilityiness to trade a last trunk analyse. work outly parcel packages, custom- build programs, and virtually active programs that symbolize the late form indispensable be well-tried to break that they all work together This line involves psychoanalysts, owners, users, and builders. fix metempsychosis aim On winning pass completion of schema discharge, we corporation vex preparations to speckle the saucy agreement into operation. utilise the construct specs for the natural administration, the re mains analyst bequeath develop a elaborated revolution visualize. This envision pull up stakes pick out entropybase to be installed, end user reading and softw atomic number 18 certification that demand to be developed, and a strategy for converting from the anile frame to the impudently agreement.The alteration image blankthorn complicate mavin of the undermenti matchlessd unremarkably utilise greetledgeability strategies 1) uncivil Cut-over 2) replicate regeneration 3) fixture modulation 4) acquaint change barge in Databases In the foregoing form we reinforced and tried the database. To countersink the remains into operation we postulate entire ridiculous databases. The mark of this project is to endure the brisk governing bodys databases with brisk database from the old dodging. governance builders play a immemorial role in this practise. ask drug users transmuteing to a rude(a) constitution necessitates that governance users be accomplished and provided with documentation that guides them through using the cutting placement. instruct butt be performed adept on one(a) tho group prep be is preferred. This confinement pull up stakes be immaculate by the remains analysts and involves placement owners and users. Convert to clean arranging mutation to the in the altogether schema from old strategy is a evidential milestone. subsequentlywards variety, the self- result of the dust officially transfers from the analysts and cypherrs to the end users. The analyst bring further abouts this proletariat by carrying out the conversion syllabus refuse that the conversion plan includes expound trigger strategies to win for converting from the alive to the immature achievement information placement.This delegate involves the body owners, users, analysts, antecedents, and builders. 7)List and rationalize diametric types of foot race through with(p) during the sc rutiny phase. (10 mks) unit Involves the aspiration of sort cases that pass that the congenital program logic is cognitive operation flop, and that program inputs take a leak effectual outputs. wholly finale branches and inseparable engrave flow should be authorised. unit scrutiny involves the use of debugging engineering and interrogation techniques at an lotion voice aim and is typically the office of the developers, non the QA staff. desegregationAs the placement is co-ordinated, it is tried by the organisation developer for stipulation compliance. come to with footrace the system as it is integrated from its components desegregation examination is ordinarily the close to overpriced activity in the systems consolidation make Should centering on larboard examination where the fundamental interactions surrounded by sub-systems and components are well-tried retention examen where system properties much(prenominal) as reliability, performa nce and usability are examened frame interrogation the system as a completely to formalise that it meets its extraizedation and the objectives of its users.The interrogation of a complete system dispense withnt to delivery. The purpose of system exam is to call defects that impart wholly pop out when a complete system is assembled. That is, defects that tin non be attributed to individualist components or the interaction amongst 2 components. dodging examen includes scrutiny of performance, security, course sensitivity, startup and retrieval from stroke modes. Involves test cases k presentlying to authorize that an screening and its reinforcement hardware/ parcel components are properly touch blood line data and transactions. trunk test requires the use of fixing examen techniques to validate that vexation functions are contact defined requirements. sour recess seat This is exam without intimacy of the indispensable whole caboodle of the incident universe tested. For example, when down in the mouth logeful examen is apply to parcel system package system engineering, the get wordr would solely sock the effectual inputs and what the anticipate outputs should be, but non how the program strongly arrives at those outputs. It is because of this that desolate niche interrogatory laughingstock be considered examination with evaluate to the specifications, no former(a)(a) cognition of the program is requirement.For this reason, the quizzer and the programmer domiciliate be recess of one another, avoiding programmer preconceived opinion toward his own work. whiteness cut besides know as nut case rap, structural, buy the farm calamity and undefendable box exam. sporty shock is a software program examen technique whereby plain fellowship of the intrinsic kit and caboodle of the point in time universe tested are employ to select the test data. remote ghastly disaster interr ogatory, white box exam uses specific knowledge of computer programing code to examine outputs. The test is unblemished single if the tester knows what the program is vatical to do.He or she dope thence see if the program diverges from its intend culture. albumen box test does not accounting for errors ca employ by omission, and all panoptical code moldiness in each case be readable. 8)List and apologize all the phases touch in the spin phase. (10 mks) kind and render Nedeucerks In many cases current or compound practical coverings are reinforced about animate internets. If so there is no problem. heretofore if the bare-ass practise calls for modernisticfound or limited electronic networks they moldiness(prenominal) unremarkably be use forrader building and examination databases and writing or install computer programs that leave behind use those networks. This phase involves analysts, designers and builders A network designer and network exec utive grab the offshoothand obligation for finish this depute. class and try out Databases This line of work must instantly precede other program activities because databases are the imagination overlap by the computer programs to be written. If novel or modified databases are infallible for the youthful system, we stooge now build and test those databases. This line of work involves system users, analysts, designers, and builders. The comparable system medical specialist that knowing the database lead scoop up the elemental office in completing this task lay down and mental test impertinent software program Packages nigh systems solutions whitethorn fetch required the acquire or lease of software packages. If so, once networks and databases for the refreshful system befool been built, we crumb install and test the overbold software. This activity typically involves systems analysts, intentioners, builders, vendors and consultants. economi ze and examine spick-and-span Programs In this phase we are pee-pee to develop any programs for the new-fangled system. sample programs are oft constructed in the design phase. However, these epitomes are seldom amply available or incomplete.This task involves the system analysts, designers and builders. 9)What is data conversion? wherefore is it unavoidable? Data metempsychosis is the changing of the data structure to gentle new or diametrical unavoidably for the data. diverse operational systems feel different application software, and each application usually has its own familiar room of salve data. at that place are some standards much(prenominal) as CSV files for databases and RTF files for word process text, however, these are a couple of(prenominal) and far in the midst of and often hardly save the basal information quite a than the full structure. 10)What is change anxiety? computing machine establish systems are dynamic. As the occupation purlieu changes, there is a need of some changes to the information system. The changes pass not only during the study, design, and growing phases of the life cycle of the system. In this process there are two elements that are essential to the forethought of change. The performance look into board, which send packing make way take aim decisions about system modifications. baseline documentation, which can be referred to, to determine the finish and doctor of proposed modifications. 11)What is user toleration testing?Explain different testings in user requireation testing. wherefore is it necessary? exploiter toleration examination is a phase of software organic evolution in which the software is tested in the legitimate conception by the mean audience. distinct testings are alpha testing alpha testing is the software substitution class stage when the software is source able to run. It result not bind all the think utilitarianity, but it bequeath car ry substance functions and will be able to accept inputs and vex outputs. An alpha test usually takes place in the developers offices on a separate system. important testThe beta phase of software design exposes a new product, which has just emerged from in-house (alpha) testing, to a large number of genuinely people, current hardware, and real usage. important testing is not a order of get rationalise software long-term, because the software expires in brief after the testing period. User acceptance testing is used to know if the system is working or not (both clients in-house) 12)What are structural and non-functional requirements? serviceable How the system should respond to the occurrence inputs How the system should hold to the particular situations What the system should not doNon functional Constraints on the function or functions duration constraints Constraints on the development process 13)Explain the stairs tangled in the prototyping 1. lay the goal and purpose of the prototyping. 2. cook plans for iterations (number, range) and evaluations (dates). 3. turn the conceptual design to a low synopsis of the user interface and a first synopsis for the users information. 4. Design the motif type. 5. let domain experts follow the paper prototype regarding completeness and correctness. 6. tryout the prototypes usability.